Symptoms
of tuberculosis, Causes and Treatment of TB Disease Method
Tuberculosis
(TB or TB) is an infectious disease of the respiratory tract caused by
bacteria. This bacterium is a bacterium bacillus very strong so it takes a long
time to treat it. These bacteria often infects the lungs (90%) compared to
other parts of the human body.
Tuberculosis
(TB) is an infectious disease that is still the world's attention. Until now,
no single country that is free of tuberculosis. Mortality and morbidity due to
mycobacterium tuberculosis germ is too high.
Symptoms
of TB
Infectious
TB Disease Through Air
The
prevalence rate of tuberculosis patients in Indonesia is estimated at 289 per
100 thousand inhabitants and an incidence of 189 per 100 thousand inhabitants.
In fact, 27 of the 1,000 inhabitants of dying as reported by the Directorate
General of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Ministry of Health of the
Republic of Indonesia collected throughout 2011 on tuberculosis (TB) in
Indonesia.
It
also released the report that the number of new cases of tuberculosis increased
networking to 8.46 per cent of the 744 TB patients in 2010 to 807 per 100,000
population in 2011. However, the good news cure rate in 2011 to reach the
target of 83.7 percent and a treatment success rate in 2011 achieving the
target of 90.3 percent.
Symptoms
of TB Disease
Patients
who develop these bacilli will usually have a fever but not too high that lasts
a long time, is usually felt at night with night sweats. Sometimes an attack of
fever like influenza and are intermittent. Other symptoms, decreased appetite
and weight loss, coughing for more than 3 weeks (may be accompanied by blood),
feeling unwell (malaise), and weak.
In
order to anticipate this disease early, following symptoms of tuberculosis
disease you need to know.
The
main symptom
Persistent
cough and phlegm for three weeks or more.
Additional
symptoms are often encountered
Sputum mixed with blood / blood cough
Shortness of breath and pain in the chest
Fever / chills more than a month
Sweating at night without an obvious cause
Weakness and lethargy
Decreased appetite and weight loss
"The
most easy to tell if someone is exposed to tuberculosis when he sweats at night
without an obvious cause. Although it can not be directly assigned tuberculosis
because they have been diagnosed, but it is one sign. If you limp, cough does
not stop, pain in the chest, and the sweat on night, immediately immediately
check, "added Dr. Arifin Nawas Sp (P), a tuberculosis clinical experts in
the department of Friendship at the same place.
According
to him, to make sure a person exposed to TB or not, the medical team perform
the diagnosis by conducting direct microscopic examination of sputum (BTA) and
the description of the logical radio (x-rays).
TB
Infection Causes
The
disease is caused by the bacteria mycobacterium tuberculosis infection that can
attack the lungs, or other organs such as the lymph nodes, intestines, kidneys,
uterus, bone, until the brain. TB can cause death and is one of the infectious
diseases that cause of death in this country.
This
time the discussion is pulmonary tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is highly
contagious, namely through the fluid in the airways that go out into the air
through coughing / sneezing and inhaled by people in the vicinity. Not all
people who breathe the air containing TB germs will get sick.
In
people who have a healthy body because of high endurance and good nutrition,
the disease does not appear and the TB germs will "fall asleep".
However, in those who are malnourished, decreased immune system / bad, or
continuously breathing air containing TB germs due to a bad neighborhood, it
will be easier infected with tuberculosis (becomes 'active TB') or it can also
cause TB germs "asleep" in the body can be active again
(reactivation).
TB
infection is most often, namely the lungs, often appear without any symptoms
are typical, for example, only a mild cough that is often overlooked and
untreated. In fact, patients with pulmonary tuberculosis can easily transmit TB
germs to other people and the TB germs continue to damage lung tissue to cause
the typical symptoms when the disease has been quite severe.
Treatment
of TB Disease
To
diagnose tuberculosis, the doctor will perform a physical examination,
particularly in the area of the lung / chest, and may request additional
examinations such as chest x-rays, laboratory tests of sputum and blood, as
well as tuberculin skin test (Mantoux / PPD). TB treatment is long-term
treatment, usually for 6-9 months with at least 3 drugs.
This
condition is necessary diligence and discipline of the patient to take the drug
and control to the doctor to be cured. Moreover, usually 2-3 weeks after taking
the drug, the symptoms of TB will disappear so that patients become lazy to
take medicine and control to the doctor.
If
TB treatment is not completed, then this can be dangerous because often the
drugs commonly used for tuberculosis have no effect on the TB germs
(resistant). As a result, should be treated with other drugs that are more
expensive and "hard". This should be avoided with tuberculosis
treatment through to completion.
Long-term
treatment for TB with many drugs will certainly impact the side effects for the
patient. Side effects that usually occurs in the treatment of TB are abdominal
pain, vision / hearing impaired, urinary such as coffee water, high fever,
vomiting, itching and redness of the skin, burning sensation in the feet /
hands, limp, to eye / skin yellow.
That
is why it is important to always convey adverse effects arising from the doctor
every time control so that the doctor can adjust the dose, switch to another
drug, or perform laboratory tests if necessary.
Treatment
for other diseases during TB treatment should also have to set up a doctor to
prevent side effects more serious / dangerous. TB disease can be prevented by:
Reducing contact with people with active TB
disease.
Maintain a good standard of living, with
nutritious food, a healthy environment, and exercise.
BCG vaccine (to prevent a more severe case
of tuberculosis). The vaccine is routinely given to all children under five.
Keep in mind that those who have been
exposed to tuberculosis and treated, it can re-exposed to the same disease if
not prevent it and maintain a healthy body.
Good
information about the symptoms of TB disease, causes and ways of preventing the
above is useful for you who need the information.
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